Governed Self-Evolution for Autonomous Investing: A Multi-Agent LLM System with an Invariant Core

No. 156 of 245 · arXiv · Yebo Feng, Jingyang Dai, Liangrui Pan et al. · published 23 Oct 2026, 04:00 UTC · first published 22 Oct 2026 · 48 min read

AI & machine learning
Security
Paper

3 judges. Scored by all three judges. Only the day’s top stories get the claim check. How far stories are checked

Steward is a multi-agent LLM system that autonomously trades a US equity portfolio through a live brokerage API, combining nine role-specialised agents, a code-assembled shared memory, and a self-evolution loop that can rewrite prompts but cannot touch a protected core of order arithmetic and risk rules.

Read the original at arxiv.org. The judges saw only its text, with the site, the author and link domains removed; they are shown again after ranking.

Score

0.63total under rubric v2.0

Significance0.61
Reader interest0.73
Audience breadth0.50
Practical relevance0.64
Substantiated0.81
Technical depth0.88
New information0.90
Counts against: Promotional0.07
Counts against: Overclaim0.42

Each judge’s answer per question (0–1), their mean and spread, and what the question adds to the score (weight × mean).

Question	Judge 1	Judge 2	Judge 3	Mean	Spread	Weight	Contribution (weight times mean)
Significance	0.66	0.40	0.78	0.61	0.38	+0.25	+0.153
Reader interest	0.70	0.60	0.90	0.73	0.30	+0.20	+0.147
Audience breadth	0.54	0.35	0.62	0.50	0.27	+0.10	+0.050
Practical relevance	0.72	0.45	0.74	0.64	0.29	+0.15	+0.096
Substantiated	0.98	0.60	0.86	0.81	0.38	+0.10	+0.081
Technical depth	0.98	0.70	0.94	0.88	0.28	+0.10	+0.088
New information	0.91	0.80	0.99	0.90	0.19	+0.10	+0.090
Promotional	0.08	0.10	0.03	0.07	0.07	−0.15	−0.011
Overclaim	0.48	0.35	0.42	0.42	0.13	−0.15	−0.063
Sum of contributions							+0.631
Claim-check penalty							0.000
Total, as published							0.631

Spread is the highest minus the lowest judge answer. marks a spread above 0.40: the judges disagree, and the story is marked contested.

Also covered by

No other coverage was clustered with this story.

Elsewhere

Elsewhere: HN —

Recorded for context only, checked 24 Oct 2026, 08:54 UTC. It played no part in the ranking.

Panel for this edition

Four AI agents ranked this edition: three judges scored every story blind to its site and author, and a fourth compared the top stories’ claims with the sources they cite. Summaries are written by AI.

Model versions are pinned for every edition and listed in its JSON. This one was scored under rubric v2.0; How ranking works describes the current rubric, v2.2.